This Is Serious

Epstein-Barr Virus

A common viral infection, mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, a member of the herpes virus family.  EPV is everywhere and exposure can never be totally avoided.  EPV is a world-wide phenomenon and in fact, most people become infected with it at some point in their lives.  Many babies and young children become infected and since there are no symptoms serious enough for intervention, the virus goes virtually unnoticed.  When an infection of the Epstein-Barr virus happens during adolescence or young adulthood, it results in mononucleosis more than 50% of the time.

Common Symptoms

Infectious mononucleosis presents with symptoms of fever, sore throat, lethargy and swollen lymph glands.  Sometimes the spleen or liver may become enlarged as well.  The disease is diagnosed usually on the basis of the symptoms and the age of the person.  Treatment is often safely administered at home and includes rest, hydration, pain management and a slow, monitored return to activities that require exertion.

Most frequently mono runs its course and life returns to normal.  However, mono has also been known to be more serious and to require intensive medical attention.  Should the symptoms move to another level, immediate medical intervention should be sought.  The following signs and symptoms are red warning flags of possible complications and require urgent evaluation.

More Serious Symptoms

Difficulty in breathing could indicate the closure of the throat and airways due to swelling of the lymph nodes.  A severe sore throat accompanied by the inability to swallow may indicate strep or another type of infection.  The inability to swallow can also lead to dehydration.  Abdominal pain, present with the swelling of the spleen and/or liver, may become very intense which would indicate a possible bursting of the spleen - something which would require surgery.  In extreme cases there can be neurological complications including such things as seizures, Bell's palsy, meningitis and nerve palsies.  Extreme weaknesses in the limbs or discoloration of the skin are other symptoms which would indicate a more serious situation. 

The proper medical care is imperative in addressing these more serious symptoms of mononucleosis to bring them under control and effect healing.